Prevalence of Precarious Employment and its Relationship with Heat Stress in Food Establishment Workers in the Corregimiento of Cristóbal, Panama, 2023

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between job insecurity and thermal stress in workers of popular food establishments, known as fondas, in Cristóbal district, Panama. The research follows a quantitative and descriptive approach, using a cross-sectional design. A total of 40 female workers were surveyed, and environmental monitoring was conducted in the establishments to measure temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity. The results indicate that most workers experience precarious working conditions, with insufficient income to cover basic needs and a lack of long-term job security. Environmental monitoring showed that heat conditions in the workplaces exceed recommended limits, contributing to high levels of thermal stress. A direct correlation was observed between job insecurity and thermal stress, negatively impacting the physical and mental health of the workers. The findings highlight the urgent need to implement labor and health policies to protect this vulnerable population by improving working conditions and mitigating heat-related risks.